نحو توازن تشريعي بين السلطة التأديبية وحقوق الموظف: قراءة مقارنة في القانون الإداري المعاصر: Towards A Legislative Balance Between Disciplinary Authority and Employee Rights: A Comparative Study in Contemporary Administrative Law

Hamad Ali Mohammed Majbarn Al Shamsi; Noor Fajri Ismail

doi:10.55265/lpssjournal.v4i1.80

Authors

Hamad Ali Mohammed Majbarn Al Shamsi Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Noor Fajri Ismail Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55265/lpssjournal.v4i1.80

Keywords:

Procedural Justice, Disciplinary Authority, Administrative Law, Employee Rights, Comparative Legal Study

Abstract

The relationship between administrative authority and employee rights is a crucial and complex aspect of contemporary administrative law. This study examines the balance between the disciplinary powers of public administrations and the fundamental rights and procedural protections afforded to public employees. Disciplinary authority ensures integrity and discipline within public institutions but must be exercised within legal limits to prevent abuse and protect employee dignity and legal security. Using a comparative analytical approach, the study reviews legislation and judicial rulings from countries such as the UAE, France, and Egypt to highlight differences and similarities in disciplinary procedures. It emphasizes legal safeguards like the right to be heard, appeal, legal representation, and judicial review, focusing on how administrative courts balance interests to ensure fair and proportional sanctions. The paper also evaluates the legislative frameworks defining disciplinary offenses, sanctions, and investigative processes, noting wide variations in transparency and employee protections across jurisdictions. It discusses the influence of international labor standards and human rights principles, including ILO conventions, on national laws.

ملخص البحث

تُعد العلاقة بين السلطة التأديبية للإدارة وحقوق الموظف من أبرز القضايا الحساسة في القانون الإداري الحديث، حيث تتقاطع المصلحة العامة مع حماية حقوق الموظفين. تهدف الدراسة إلى إبراز التوازن المطلوب بين حق الإدارة في فرض الانضباط وضمان حقوق الموظف من التعسف أو الإضرار بكرامته واستقراره المهني. تعتمد الدراسة على منهج تحليلي مقارن، حيث تُحلل نماذج تشريعية من الإمارات، فرنسا، ومصر، لتحديد أوجه التشابه والاختلاف في الضوابط القانونية والإجراءات التأديبية، ومدى تحقيقها لتوازن عادل بين الانضباط وضمانات الموظف. تتناول الدراسة الأسس القانونية للسلطة التأديبية وحدودها، إضافة إلى الضمانات التي تحمي الموظف مثل حق الدفاع، الاستئناف، والرقابة القضائية. كما تقارن بين التشريعات من حيث تنظيم المخالفات، تدرج العقوبات، آليات التحقيق، ومستوى الشفافية والعدالة في الإجراءات. تشير الدراسة إلى تأثير الاتفاقيات الدولية، خصوصًا اتفاقيات منظمة العمل الدولية، في تطوير نظم العدالة الإجرائية وحماية حقوق الإنسان في بيئة العمل. ختامًا، توصي الدراسة بتقنين الإجراءات التأديبية، إنشاء هيئات مستقلة، تعزيز الشفافية، وتفعيل آليات التسوية البديلة، مؤكدة أن التوازن بين سلطة الإدارة وحقوق الموظف ضرورة لضمان العدالة الإدارية وبناء الثقة وتعزيز فاعلية المؤسسات العامة.

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