النظام الانتخابي الفلسطيني: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
The Palestinian Electoral System: A Comparative Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55265/lpssjournal.v2i2.37Keywords:
Elections, electoral system, democracy, Palestine, الانتخابات, النظام الانتخابي, الديمقراطية, فلسطينAbstract
Election is considered the basis of the democratic system as it is the unique approach to elect presidents and representatives in the state according to its electoral system. From this concept, this research has handled the subject titled “The Palestinian Electoral System compared with the Egyptian and the Jordanian Ones”. This research followed the analytical descriptive approach and the comparative approach with the Egyptian and the Jordanian legislations. It handles the concept of election and its legal status as well as the election systems and electing methods in other legislations. This research concluded that election is a legal authority affirmed by law for the elector in favor of the society. In addition, it concluded that the legal status of election in the Palestinian and the Jordanian legislations is an individual right, while it is a right and a role in the Egyptian legislation. Moreover, it revealed that the proportional representation is most suitable method for Palestine. It recommends for the necessity to hold the presidential and parliamentary elections in Palestine. This is suitable with the democracy principles and the universal legislation and the basic law. It also recommends making essential amendments in the Palestinian election law to approve the proportional representation system in the parliamentary elections.
ملخص البحث
يعتبر الانتخاب قاعدة النظام الديمقراطي، فهو الوسيلة الوحيدة التي تمكن من اختيار الحكام بصورة ديمقراطية. ويتم احتساب نتائج الانتخاب بحسب النظام الانتخابي المعمول به، وعليه فإنه بناءً على النظام الانتخابي يتم اختيار الرؤساء والنواب في الدولة، ومن هذا المنطلق تناول الباحث هذا الموضوع تحت عنوان: "النظام الانتخابي الفلسطيني دراسة تحليلية مقارنة". واتبع الباحث في بحثه المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج المقارن مع التشريعين المصري والأردني، وتحدث فيه عن مفهوم الانتخاب وتكييفه القانوني وطرق الانتخاب والنظم الانتخابية في التشريعات المقارنة. وقد خلص الباحث إلى أن الانتخاب سلطة قانونية يقررها القانون للناخب لا لمصلحته الشخصية وإنما لمصلحة المجموع، وأن التكييف القانوني للانتخاب بموجب التشريعين الفلسطيني والأردني أشبه بأن يكون حقاً، أما بموجب التشريع المصري فهو حق ووظيفة في آن واحد. وأن النظام الانتخابي الأنسب بالنسبة لفلسطين نظام التمثيل النسبي. ويوصي الباحث بضرورة الترتيب لعقد الانتخابات الرئاسية والتشريعية في فلسطين؛ انسجاماً مع مبادئ الديمقراطية والتشريعات الدولية والقانون الأساسي والقوانين ذات العلاقة. كما يوصي أيضاً بضرورة تعديل قانون الانتخابات الفلسطيني بحيث يتم اعتماد نظام التمثيل النسبي في الانتخابات التشريعية القادمة.
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