Teknik Delphi Modifikasi Tiga Pusingan Bagi Pembangunan Item Inisiatif Pembiayaan Lestari Dan Tekad Keusahawanan Untuk Usahawan Sosial Pemula Di Malaysia: Delphi Technique with Three Round Modification for Item Development for Sustainable Funding Initiatives and Entrepreneurial Intention for Startup Social Enterprises in Malaysia

Raja Suzana Raja Kasim; Muhammad Fazlan Mohd Husain

doi:10.55265/lpssjournal.v2i1.29

Authors

Raja Suzana Raja Kasim Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, University Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Muhammad Fazlan Mohd Husain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55265/lpssjournal.v2i1.29

Keywords:

usahawan sosial Malaysia, tekad keusahawanan, kebolehpercayaan, kesahan, inisiatif pembiayaan lestari

Abstract

The socio-economic disparities and limited development opportunities prevalent in the East Coast region of Malaysia have spurred the emergence of startup social enterprises striving to rejuvenate the economy. These social enterprises prioritize a balanced approach to socio-economic success, but face challenges in securing sustainable funding from various sources. While previous studies have explored the association between social entrepreneurs and their mission to address social problems, there has been limited focus on developing a sustainable funding model specifically tailored for social enterprise startups targeting the Bottom 40 (USP B40) population, particularly in the East Coast region of Malaysia. This paper aims to examine the development of sustainable funding initiatives that can support the social mission of USP B40 in Malaysia. The study integrates relevant theories and models to propose a conceptual model, and employs the Delphi method with three modification techniques to construct a questionnaire. The responses from a panel of experts are analyzed using quartile deviation (QD) and inter-quartile range (IQR) to establish consensus levels. Statistical analysis using the Statistical Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 demonstrates that the instrument meets the criteria for validity and reliability. This paper contributes by providing a set of objective and practical items to measure the effectiveness of sustainable funding model initiatives for USP B40.

Abstrak

Jurang pembangunan yang dilihat semakin melebar dan kekurangan peluang sosio-ekonomi yang mampan menyemarakkan misi usahawan sosial pemula di Pantai Timur, Malaysia untuk memperjuangkan nasib menjana semula ekonomi. Misi sosial yang mengutamakan keberhasilan sosio-ekonomi yang seimbang menjadi terancam lantaran kekangan inisiatif pembiayaan yang lestari dari semua pihak. Kajian mengenai usahawan sosial seringkali dikaitkan dengan misi sosial, intervensi dan solusi kepada masalah-masalah sosial dengan tekad keusahawanan yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian-kajian ini dilaksanakan secara berasingan dan kurang tumpuan diberikan dalam membangunkan kelestarian bagi pembiayaan kewangan untuk usahawan sosial pemula persendirian yang berpendapatan Bawah 40 (USP B40), terutama di Pantai Timur, Malaysia. Tujuan kertas ini adalah untuk meninjau sejauh manakah pembangunan item bagi pembiayaan kewangan dapat dibentuk secara lestari bagi membantu USP B40 melaksanakan misi sosial di Malaysia. Oleh kerana kekurangan kajian lepas untuk mengukur kesesuaian instrumen dipadankan dengan konteks USP B40 di Pantai Timur, Malaysia, kertas ini telah membuat pengubahsuaian terhadap item-item yang lepas. Item bagi soal selidik dibangunkan dengan teknik Delphi dengan modifikasi tiga pusingan. Maklumbalas ahli-ahli panel dianalisis melalui skor sisihan kuartil (QD) dan linkungan inter-kuartil (IQR) bagi mendapatkan tahap ‘consensus.’ Keputusan dianalisis untuk respons kekerapan dan pengukuran kecenderungan menumpu menggunakan Statistical Software Package for Social Science versi 26 dan Smart PLS3.0. Sumbangan kajian ini dijangka membawa pendekatan dalam pembangunan model pembiayaan kewangan lestari USP B40 yang praktikal dan objektif. Pembentukan model ini dibangunkan berasaskan penemuan empirikal dan disokong dengan keterangan dari analisis teori, model dan kajian literatur.

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